Marie Mikulová

Also published as: Marie Mikulova


2024

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Fine-grained Classification of Circumstantial Meanings within the Prague Dependency Treebank Annotation Scheme
Marie Mikulova
Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)

In the contribution, we propose a formally and semantically based fine-grained classification of circumstantial meanings based on the analysis of a large number of valuable examples from the Prague Dependency Treebanks. The methodology and principles of the presented approach are elaborated in detail and demonstrated on two case studies. The classification of circumstantial meanings is carried out for the Czech language, but the methodology and principles used are language independent. The contribution also addresses the question of language universality and specificity through a comparison with English. The aim of this work is to enrich the annotation in the Prague Dependency Treebanks with detailed information on circumstantial meanings but it may also be useful for other semantically oriented projects. To the best of our knowledge, a similar corpus-based and corpus-verified elaborate classification of circumstantial meanings has not yet been proposed in any annotation project. The contribution presents the results of an ongoing work.

2022

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Quality and Efficiency of Manual Annotation: Pre-annotation Bias
Marie Mikulová | Milan Straka | Jan Štěpánek | Barbora Štěpánková | Jan Hajic
Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference

This paper presents an analysis of annotation using an automatic pre-annotation for a mid-level annotation complexity task - dependency syntax annotation. It compares the annotation efforts made by annotators using a pre-annotated version (with a high-accuracy parser) and those made by fully manual annotation. The aim of the experiment is to judge the final annotation quality when pre-annotation is used. In addition, it evaluates the effect of automatic linguistically-based (rule-formulated) checks and another annotation on the same data available to the annotators, and their influence on annotation quality and efficiency. The experiment confirmed that the pre-annotation is an efficient tool for faster manual syntactic annotation which increases the consistency of the resulting annotation without reducing its quality.

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Advantages of a Complex Multilayer Annotation Scheme: The Case of the Prague Dependency Treebank
Eva Hajicova | Marie Mikulová | Barbora Štěpánková | Jiří Mírovský
Proceedings of the 16th Linguistic Annotation Workshop (LAW-XVI) within LREC2022

Recently, many corpora have been developed that contain multiple annotations of various linguistic phenomena, from morphological categories of words through the syntactic structure of sentences to discourse and coreference relations in texts. Discussions are ongoing on an appropriate annotation scheme for a large amount of diverse information. In our contribution we express our conviction that a multilayer annotation scheme offers to view the language system in its complexity and in the interaction of individual phenomena and that there are at least two aspects that support such a scheme: (i) A multilayer annotation scheme makes it possible to use the annotation of one layer to design the annotation of another layer(s) both conceptually and in a form of a pre-annotation procedure or annotation checking rules. (ii) A multilayer annotation scheme presents a reliable ground for corpus studies based on features across the layers. These aspects are demonstrated on the case of the Prague Dependency Treebank. Its multilayer annotation scheme withstood the test of time and serves well also for complex textual annotations, in which earlier morpho-syntactic annotations are advantageously used. In addition to a reference to the previous projects that utilise its annotation scheme, we present several current investigations.

2020

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Prague Dependency Treebank - Consolidated 1.0
Jan Hajič | Eduard Bejček | Jaroslava Hlavacova | Marie Mikulová | Milan Straka | Jan Štěpánek | Barbora Štěpánková
Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference

We present a richly annotated and genre-diversified language resource, the Prague Dependency Treebank-Consolidated 1.0 (PDT-C 1.0), the purpose of which is - as it always been the case for the family of the Prague Dependency Treebanks - to serve both as a training data for various types of NLP tasks as well as for linguistically-oriented research. PDT-C 1.0 contains four different datasets of Czech, uniformly annotated using the standard PDT scheme (albeit not everything is annotated manually, as we describe in detail here). The texts come from different sources: daily newspaper articles, Czech translation of the Wall Street Journal, transcribed dialogs and a small amount of user-generated, short, often non-standard language segments typed into a web translator. Altogether, the treebank contains around 180,000 sentences with their morphological, surface and deep syntactic annotation. The diversity of the texts and annotations should serve well the NLP applications as well as it is an invaluable resource for linguistic research, including comparative studies regarding texts of different genres. The corpus is publicly and freely available.

2019

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Delimiting Adverbial Meanings. A corpus-based comparative study on Czech spatial prepositions and their English equivalents
Marie Mikulová | Veronika Kolářová | Jarmila Panevová | Eva Hajičová
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019)

2018

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ForFun 1.0: Prague Database of Forms and Functions – An Invaluable Resource for Linguistic Research
Marie Mikulová | Eduard Bejček
Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018)

2017

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The Relation of Form and Function in Linguistic Theory and in a Multilayer Treebank
Eduard Bejček | Eva Hajičová | Marie Mikulová | Jarmila Panevová
Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories

2016

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Coreference in Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank
Anna Nedoluzhko | Michal Novák | Silvie Cinková | Marie Mikulová | Jiří Mírovský
Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'16)

We present coreference annotation on parallel Czech-English texts of the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank (PCEDT). The paper describes innovations made to PCEDT 2.0 concerning coreference, as well as coreference information already present there. We characterize the coreference annotation scheme, give the statistics and compare our annotation with the coreference annotation in Ontonotes and Prague Dependency Treebank for Czech. We also present the experiments made using this corpus to improve the alignment of coreferential expressions, which helps us to collect better statistics of correspondences between types of coreferential relations in Czech and English. The corpus released as PCEDT 2.0 Coref is publicly available.

2015

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Reconstructions of Deletions in a Dependency-based Description of Czech: Selected Issues
Eva Hajičová | Marie Mikulová | Jarmila Panevová
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling 2015)

2014

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Semantic Representation of Ellipsis in the Prague Dependency Treebanks
Marie Mikulová
Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing (ROCLING 2014)

2012

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Announcing Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank 2.0
Jan Hajič | Eva Hajičová | Jarmila Panevová | Petr Sgall | Ondřej Bojar | Silvie Cinková | Eva Fučíková | Marie Mikulová | Petr Pajas | Jan Popelka | Jiří Semecký | Jana Šindlerová | Jan Štěpánek | Josef Toman | Zdeňka Urešová | Zdeněk Žabokrtský
Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12)

We introduce a substantial update of the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank, a parallel corpus manually annotated at the deep syntactic layer of linguistic representation. The English part consists of the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) section of the Penn Treebank. The Czech part was translated from the English source sentence by sentence. This paper gives a high level overview of the underlying linguistic theory (the so-called tectogrammatical annotation) with some details of the most important features like valency annotation, ellipsis reconstruction or coreference.

2010

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Ways of Evaluation of the Annotators in Building the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank
Marie Mikulová | Jan Štěpánek
Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10)

In this paper, we present several ways to measure and evaluate the annotation and annotators, proposed and used during the building of the Czech part of the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank. At first, the basic principles of the treebank annotation project are introduced (division to three layers: morphological, analytical and tectogrammatical). The main part of the paper describes in detail one of the important phases of the annotation process: three ways of evaluation of the annotators - inter-annotator agreement, error rate and performance. The measuring of the inter-annotator agreement is complicated by the fact that the data contain added and deleted nodes, making the alignment between annotations non-trivial. The error rate is measured by a set of automatic checking procedures that guard the validity of some invariants in the data. The performance of the annotators is measured by a booking web application. All three measures are later compared and related to each other.